Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The GDP in the third quarter of 2010 amounted to IDR 1,654,480 billion, as compared to IDR 1,459,802 in the corresponding quarter of 2009. In 2009, Indonesia reported a GDP of IDR 5,613,441 billion, growing 13.37% compared to 2008. While per capita GDP was IDR 24,261,805 for the same year. Manufacturing sector contributed 26.38% to the overall GDP of the country.

(Source: Central Bank, Statistics Indonesia)

 (Source: Central Bank )

Gross National Income (GNI) at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

In 2010, GNI per capita at PPP of the country was USD 3,957.

 (Source: UNDP)

Income tax rate

In Indonesia, income tax on individuals is levied from 5% to 30%, amongst four income slabs. A minimum tax of 5% has to be paid by individuals generating income.

(Source: BKPM)

(Source: BKPM)

Corporate tax rate

From the year 2010, Indonesia levies corporate tax at the rate of 25%. Any company having a gross turnover not more than IDR 50,000 million gets a deduction of 50% from the  normal tax rate charged.

(Source: BKPM)

Inflation rate

In January 2011, the inflation rate reached 7.02%, increasing 3.3% over January 2010.

(Source: Central Bank)

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

In the third quarter of 2010, total FDI inflow for Indonesia amounted to USD 3,368 million, of which the manufacturing sector attracted an investment of USD 1,089 million.

(Source: Central Bank)

(Source: Central Bank)

Central bank assets

As of December 2009, assets of Bank Indonesia (Central Bank) stood at IDR 915,875,376 million, of which 58.78% were marketable securities.

(Source: Central Bank)

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

In December 2010, the composite CPI was 125.17 points, increasing 6.96% from December 2009.

(Source: Central Bank )

Base year: 2007=100

Wholesale Price Index (WPI)

In November 2010, the composite WPI was 174 points, increasing 5.45% from November 2009.

(Source: Central Bank)

(Source: Central Bank )

Interest rates

As of December 2010, the interest rate on time deposits was at an average of 7.55% for a 6 month period, while on saving deposits it was 3.92%.

(Source: Central Bank)

Money supply

Money supply in Indonesia is classified into broad money (M1) and narrow money (M2).

M1 includes:

• Currency in circulation

• Demand deposits

M2 includes M1 and:

• Quasi money (time and saving deposits)

• Securities (other than shares)

(Source: Central Bank)

 (Source: CBS)

Government expenditure

During 2010, total government expenditures amounted to IDR 781,534 billion.

 (Source: CBS)

(Source: Central Bank)

Official exchange rate

As of December 31, 2010, exchange rate of IDR against US Dollar (USD) is IDR 8,946 and against Great Britain Pound (GBP) is IDR 13,823.36.

 (Source: Central Bank)

(Source: Central Bank)

Government finances

Sovereign debt dynamics

Government revenue

In 2010, Indonesia reported a total Government revenue of IDR 990,502 billion. Compared to 2009, total Government revenue grew by 16.93% in 2010, whereas total Government expenditure increased by 24.29%. 

(Source: CBS)

(Source: CBS)

Fiscal balance

In 2010, the government account showed a fiscal surplus of IDR 208,968 billion, decreasing by 4.27% from 2009.

(Source: CBS, CBS)

Tax revenue

In 2010, the government reported a total tax revenue of IDR 743,326 billion, of this income tax accounted for 48.73%. 

(Source: CBS)

 (Source: CBS)

Current account balance

In Q3 2010, the current account was a surplus of USD 1,308 million.

 (Source: Central Bank)

Balance of payments

The overall balance of payments in the third quarter of 2010 amounted to USD 6,955 million, compared to USD 3,546 million in the corresponding quarter of 2009.

(Source: Central Bank)

Labour force

As of August 2010, Indonesia had a total labour force of 116.53 million. During the same period, the labour force participation rate (LFPR) was 67.72%.

(Source: CBS)

(Source: CBS)

Unemployment rate

As of August 2010, the country’s unemployment rate was 7.14%, as compared to 7.87% in August 2009. The unemployment rate was highest in November 2005 at 11.24%, but since then the rate has been on the decline.

(Source: CBS)

(Source: CBS)

Minimum wage

As of September 2009, average monthly wage of industry workers below supervisory level was IDR 248,897. The wage rate is highest in the metal industry.

(Source: CBS)

*preliminary figures

(Source: CBS)

Level of unionisation

In Indonesia, about 40% of the total labour force are members of trade unions. All Indonesia Workers Union, officially known as Serikat Perburuhan Seluruh Indonesia (SPSI), is a recognised workers’ union in the country.

(Source: PBI)

Indonesia is a democratic republic form of government. The President heads the country and also has executive powers.

(Source: MFA)

The legislative powers of the country are exercised by the People's Consultative Assembly or the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat. The People's Consultative Assembly comprises of two lower houses - the People's Representative Council (PRC) and the Regional Representatives Council (RRC). There are 550 members in the PRC and 168 members in the RRC, elected for a term of five years.

(Source: MFA)

As of 2009, there are 34 national political parties and six other local parties in Indonesia. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDIP), Partai Demokrat (PD), Partai Golkar and Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) are a few of the major political parties in Indonesia.

(Source: aceproject.org)

Regulatory environment

Indonesiais ranked 116^th in the 2011 Index of Economic Freedom, with an economic freedom score of the country is 56.0 (out of 100), indicating a rise of 0.5 points from previous year.

(Source: heritage.org)

Corruption Perception

Indonesia is ranked 110^th on the world’s Corruption Perceptions Index 2010, sharing this rank with Bolivia, Benin, Gabon, Kosovo and Solomon Islands. The country scores 2.8 (out of 10), indicating that it is amongst the most corrupt nations in the world.

(Source: transperancy.org)

Freedom of information

The country is ranked 117^th on the Press Freedom Index 2010.

(Source: rsf.org)

According to the Press Act 1999, the country safeguards the freedom of press. The freedom of information to citizens is protected by the Indonesian Freedom of Information Law 2008.

(Source: IFEX, thejakartapost.com)

There are more than 35 newspapers in Indonesia. The majority of the newspapers are in Indonesian, some in English and one in Chinese. Some of the major national newspapers are Bola, Jawa Pos, Kompas, Pos Kota, Republika, Suara Karya and Suara Pembaruan.

(Source: mondonewspapers.com, newspapers24.com)

Judicial system

The judicial system operates as an independent division of the government. There are many types of courts in the country for different subject matters:

• Supreme Court: the highest authority of jurisdiction

• High Court: resolves civil disputes if not solved by the state courts

• State Court: handles civil disputes

• Commercial Court: makes decision on bankruptcy and insolvency matters

• State Administrative Court: decide over administrative law cases filed against the government

• Constitutional Court: handles disputes related to the constitution

• Religious Court: solves certain religion-related matters

(Source: MFA)

Indonesia has a population of 237,556,363 (2010), of which 50.31% are males. DKI Jakarta is the most densely populated province of the country with 14,440 people residing per square kilometre.

(Source: CBS)

In 2010, the population of the country recorded a growth of 15.17%, as compared to the year 2000. The following graph shows the growth of population over the past decades:

(Source: CBS)

In 2009, about 27% of the total population were between the age group of 0 to 14 years. During the same year, the proportion of males and females above 60 years of age were 7.9% and 9.7% respectively.

(Source: UN)

Birth and death rate

 In 2008, birth rate in Indonesia was recorded at 19 births per 1,000 persons. Furthermore, the death rate during the same period was 206 deaths per 1,000 persons.

(Source: World Bank, WHO)

Infant mortality rate

Infant mortality rate in 2008 was recorded at 31 deaths per 1,000 live births.

(Source: WHO)

Life expectancy

In 2008, life expectancy at the time of birth was 69 years in case of males and 73 years in case of females.

(Source: World Bank)

Migration and urbanisation

In mid-2010, the country’s international migrant stock was 122,900 or 0.1% of the total population.

(Source: UN)

In 2007, about 50.4% of the total population resided in urban areas.

(Source: UN)

Ethnic environment

Indonesia comprises of two major ethnic groups – Malay and Papuan. Apart from these, other ethnicities include, Javanese, Sundanese, Batak.  Additonally, a small population of Chinese, Indian and Arabian people are also found in the country.

(Source: MFA)

Religion-wise, about 85.2% of the population in Indonesia follow Islam.

(Source: MFA)

Human Development Index (HDI)

Indonesia is ranked 108^th on HDI based on factors like health, education, income, inequality, poverty, gender, etc. These indices are prepared by United Nations Development Programme.

(Source: UNDP)

Literacy rate

As of 2006, Indonesia’s adult literacy rate (for people above 15 years of age) was estimated at 92%.

(Source: UNDP)

Education

The country has a multi-level system of education.

(Source: MONE)

Early childhood comprises of playgroups and kindergarten schools.

Basic education generally starts from the age of 6 and includes primary and junior secondary schools.

Secondary education includes general secondary and vocational secondary education.

Higher education is comprised of bachelor, masters and diploma courses. Specialised post-graduation and doctorate programmes are also carried under higher education.

(Source: MONE)

As of 2008, the country had 312,057 schools and institutions, of which 165,755 were primary schools. 

(Source: MONE)

(Source: MONE )

Healthcare

In 2007, Indonesia had 1,319 general and special hospitals, of which 652 were privately owned. The number of hospital beds was 142,707 during the same year, at a ratio of 63.25 per 100,000 persons.

(Source: Ministry of Health)

The following table shows growth in number of hospitals in the country during 2005-2007:

(Source: Ministry of Health)

In 2007, total health expenditure (public and private) accounted to 2.2% of GDP.

(Source: World Bank)

Mass public Ttansit

In Indonesia, road provides the primary mode of transportation, with about 82% of the people preferring road transport over all other modes.

(Source: World Bank)

Roads

As of 2008, the total length of roads in Indonesia was 437,759 kilometres, of this, 258,744 kilometres were asphalted roads.

(Source: CBS)

Railways

In Indonesia, railways are mainly operated in the provinces of Java and Sumatra by PT Kereta Api Indonesia, a government-owned company. There are four rail networks in the country – a large rail network in Java and three small and unconnected networks in Sumatra. In 2008, total railway length together in both provinces was 4,780.59 kilometres.

(Source: kereta-api.co.id)

Ports

The country has about 300 sea ports, of which, Jakarta, Surabaya, Belawan and Tanjung Pandan are the largest ports. Some other important ports in the country are Semarang, Cirebon, Panjang, Balikpapan, Banjarmasin, Samarinda, Bitung, Ambon and Sorong.

(Source: World Bank)

The port of Jakarta has 16,800 square meters of wharves, 76 berths and a cargo storage area of 401,200 tonnes capacity.

(Source: worldportsource.com)

Airports

Indonesia has more than 190 airports. Soekarno-Hatta International Airport is the biggest airport in the country and is located in Jakarta, the capital city. Other major airports include Juanda, Hang Nadim, Frans Kaisiepo, Bali International, and El Tari.

(Source: Ministry of Transportation, aircraft-charter-world.com)

Telecommunications

Total internet penetration rate in 2010 was 12.3%, as compared to 12.5% in 2009.

(Source: internetworldstats.com)

In 2009, there were 33.96 million fixed telephone line subscribers, and 159.25 million mobile subscribers. During the same period, the country had 1.7 million fixed broadband subscribers.

(Source: itu.int,)